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WHAT IS DIFFERENTIAL? HOW DOES IT WORKS?

 

  • Differential is an integral part of all four wheelers.
  • A differential is used to allow the wheels to spin at different speeds.

  • This is necessary when the vehicle turns. 

Parts of Differential:

  • Pinion drive gear: transfer power from the drive shaft to the ring gear.
  • Ring gear: will transfer power to differential case assembly.
  • Rear drive axel: Transfer torque from differential assembly to the drive wheels.

  • Spider gears: The spider gear lies at the heart of the differential and special mention should be made about its rotation.
  • Differential case assembly: Hold the gear and drive the axel.

Working of Differential:




  • When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of different turning radii.
  • The inner wheels travel less distance than the outer wheels.
  • From the drive shaft power is transferred to the pinion gear first, since the pinion and ring gear are meshed, power flows to the ring gear.
  • As the spider gear is connected with the ring gear, power flows to it.
  • Finally from the spider gear, power gets transferred to both the side gears.

DIFFERENT CASES

1. The vehicle moves straight

  • In this case the spider gear rotates along with the ring gear but does not rotate on its own axis.
  • So the spider gear will push and make the side gears turn, and both will turn at the same speed. 

2. Vehicle takes a turn(right)

  • In this along with the rotation of the ring gear it rotates on its own axis.
  • So the spider gear is having a combined rotation.
  • When the spider gear is spinning as well as rotating, peripheral velocity at the left side of spider gear is the sum of the spinning and rotational velocity.

  • But at the right side, it is the difference of the two, since the spin velocity is in the opposite direction at this side.

Other function of Differential:

  • First is speed reduction at the pinion-ring gear assembly. since the power flow at the pinion and ring gear are the same, such a speed reduction will result in a high torque multiplication.
  • Can also note one specialty of the ring gear, they are hypoid gears. Hypoid gears have more contact area compared to the other gear pairs.
  • The other function of the differential is to turn the power flow direction by 90 degree.



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